AI can sound confident and still be wrong. Researchers argue that AI models are often graded like a test that rewards guessing over saying "I don't know". So a good habit is to make the AI show its work, and to check what matters.
The 5 steps
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Rule of thumb
Quick rule: the more it matters, the more you check. A wrong restaurant tip is fine. A wrong dose, date, price, or legal detail is not.
Sources: Anthropic docs, "Reduce hallucinations"; Kalai, Nachum, Vempala, Zhang (2025), "Why Language Models Hallucinate", arXiv:2509.04664. Prompts may need small wording changes in your AI app.
Go deeper
Can an AI Say I Do Not Know?
A 3-minute video on a related question, with its own sheet.